What temperature is typically used in the catalytic cracking process of hydrocarbons?

The catalytic cracking process of hydrocarbons primarily occurs at temperatures around 500 °C. This temperature is optimal for breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable products like gasoline and diesel. At this point, the thermal energy is sufficient to facilitate the chemical reactions needed to break the carbon-carbon bonds while also providing a suitable environment for the catalysts used to enhance the reaction rates and selectivity.

Higher temperatures, such as 750 °C or even up to 1000 °C, could lead to excessive cracking, polymerization, or even the formation of unwanted by-products due to the high-energy environment. Conversely, lower temperatures such as 250 °C would not provide enough energy for the cracking reactions to occur efficiently. Therefore, the typical operating temperature of around 500 °C strikes the right balance to maximize yield and ensure effective use of the catalyst in the process.