What occurs in temporary dipoles within non-polar molecules?

In non-polar molecules, temporary dipoles arise due to the movement and distribution of electrons. Electrons are in constant motion around the nucleus, and at any given moment, they may be unevenly distributed. This asymmetrical distribution leads to a temporary polarizability within the molecule, resulting in a transient positive charge on one side and a corresponding negative charge on the opposite side. This phenomenon is known as an induced dipole.

The formation of these temporary dipoles is significant in understanding London dispersion forces, which are weak intermolecular forces that occur due to the attraction between these transient dipoles in adjacent molecules. The presence of temporary dipoles is a key factor in the physical properties of non-polar substances, such as their boiling points and solubilities.

The other options do not accurately describe the behavior of electrons in non-polar molecules. Electrons do not become fixed on one side in a non-polar molecule, as they are always in motion. There are also no permanent charges created, as the dipoles are temporary and only last as long as the uneven distribution of electrons exists. Finally, the electrons do not resist movement; rather, their movement is what facilitates the formation of these temporary dipoles. Thus, the correct choice emphasizes the