What occurs in electrophilic addition reactions?

In electrophilic addition reactions, the primary event is the addition of an electrophile across a carbon-carbon double bond. This reaction typically involves a molecule that contains a double bond, such as alkenes or alkynes. The double bond acts as a nucleophile, attracting the electrophile. The process generally involves a two-step mechanism, where the electrophile first attacks one of the carbon atoms in the double bond, leading to the formation of a positively charged intermediate. Following this, a nucleophile can then attack the other carbon atom, resulting in the addition across the double bond and converting it into a single bond.

This process is essential in organic chemistry, as it allows for the transformation of multiple bonds into more complex structures, facilitating the synthesis of various compounds. The formation of new Sigma bonds (C-H, C-X) is a key feature of this type of reaction.