What occurs during homolytic fission?

During homolytic fission, a covalent bond breaks in such a way that each atom involved in the bond takes away one of the shared electrons. This results in the formation of two free radicals, each possessing an unpaired electron. This process is a key step in many chemical reactions, particularly in organic chemistry, where radicals are often highly reactive species.

In contrast to other types of bond breaking, such as heterolytic fission (where one atom takes both of the bonding electrons, creating ions), homolytic fission maintains the electron distribution between the two atoms involved, leading to the generation of radicals. This concept is crucial for understanding reaction mechanisms involving free radicals, such as polymerization and certain types of combustion.

The other options do not accurately describe homolytic fission: forming ions relates to charge distribution rather than splitting shared electrons, combining atoms reflects a different type of reaction altogether, and heat production can occur in various reactions but is not specific to the fission process being discussed.