What is the result of incomplete combustion of alkanes?

Incomplete combustion of alkanes typically occurs when there is insufficient oxygen available for the reaction. In such cases, instead of producing only carbon dioxide and water, the reaction leads to the formation of carbon monoxide, carbon (soot), and water.

During incomplete combustion, alkanes react with limited oxygen to yield carbon monoxide, a toxic gas that is harmful when inhaled, along with solid carbon particles, which result in soot. This is in contrast to complete combustion, which fully utilizes the available oxygen to produce only carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, the presence of unreacted carbon and carbon monoxide is characteristic of incomplete combustion processes involving alkanes, making the identified answer accurate in describing the products formed under such conditions.