What are isomers?

Isomers are indeed compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in their structural arrangements. This means that while the number and types of atoms in the compounds are the same, the way those atoms are connected can vary, leading to different physical and chemical properties. This distinction allows for a wide variety of chemical behaviors among substances that are technically composed of the same elements.

For example, in the case of butane (C4H10), there are two isomers: n-butane, where the carbon atoms are in a straight chain, and isobutane (or methylpropane), where the carbon atoms are arranged in a branched form. Despite both having the same molecular formula, their different structures result in different boiling points and other properties.

Understanding this concept is crucial for studying organic chemistry, as isomers can impact the reactivity and functionality of compounds significantly.